Divorce Should Be Legalized in the Philippines Essay

I. Introduction Marriage is meant to last forever and vows usually include the phrase, â€Å"’til death do us part†. These are the words that most of us believed. Marriage is regarded as a sacred union between a man and a woman, thus, it must be cherished and valued with love. But what if the love that a couple once shared together fades away? What if the love becomes weak and unstable as time passes by? What if everything changes and a person started to live a life full of misery? One of their options to solve these problems would be the divorce. It should be implemented in the Philippines. Present situation demands it. Reality tells us that there are many failed, unhappy marriages across the nation. Marriage is never as blissful as people expect. Divorce is never as devastating as people imagine. Divorce gives people a fresh start to lead better lives. Living in a marriage where love, respect, friendship, and compatibility are gone is a life without hope. Let us think about other people suffering due to unhappiness brought by their marriage. What is the sense of being binded by a piece of paper when it is actually ruining your whole life? Divorce nullifies marriage, therefore, giving couples the freedom to remarry and to escape from an unhappy relationship. Divorce should be legalized in the Philippines. II. Background of the Paper This research paper entitled â€Å"Divorce should be legalized in the Philippines† aims to convince the readers by presenting different evidences that could change the reader’s perspective regarding the issue. The pieces of evidence that we gathered are from the articles of Evelyn Ursua (Positively Filipino) and Anne Umil (Bulatlat) entitled â€Å"Why the Philippines needs a divorce law?† and â€Å"Divorce bill, providing a remedy for women in abusive marriages†, an excerpt from Sen. Pia Cayetano’s privilege speech, annual comparative statistics on violence against women (2004-2011) and a poll result in an online website. The purposes of this research study are to define divorce and its concepts and to better understand the benefits of divorce when legalized in the Philippines. This paperwork also intends to review the issues and arguments that are being raised by the Filipinos. Also, this aims to clarify points about the issue. This paper covers the situation of fail and unhappy marriages in the country. Beyond all, this research paper is made to encourage and persuade the Filipinos to support the legalization of divorce in the country. A divorce is a legal action between married people to terminate their marriage relationship. It can be referred to as dissolution of marriage and is basically, the legal action that ends the marriage before the death of either spouse. The purpose of a divorce is to terminate the parties’ marriage. Marriage is a legal contract or a social union that unites people of the opposite sex who agree to live as a husband and a wife. It is a binding contract between two people who decide to join their lives, income and possessions. Marriage relationship forms a family unit that consists of a father, mother and children. It is also an institution where people acknowledge interpersonal relationships, which is usually sexual and intimate. Most people and cultures formalize a marriage union through a wedding ceremony. Reasons for marriage include emotional, social, legal, religion and spiritual obligations. An annulment is legal decree that states that a marriage was never valid. The legal effect of an annulment is to void the marriage as though it never existed. Cases where annulments have been granted in the past based on fraud includes citizenship, sexual relationship, character, honesty, health, financial, and religi on III. Body Divorce has become one of the major issues in our society for the past years. The social acceptability of divorce has varied widely across historical periods, religious faiths, and cultures but not in the Philippines. Other than the Vatican City, Philippines is the only nation that outlaws divorce. The Philippines is known for being a strong Christian nation, with over 80% of its population as Roman Catholics. They are the group that is known to be against the divorce issue. According to the article from Positively Filipino Magazine entitled â€Å"Why the Philippines Needs a Divorce Law† by Evalyn Ursua, the Catholic Church will be the greatest opponent of the divorce bill. It was once argue against the bill on moral grounds. But the Catholic Church does not need to worry. The institutions of marriage and the family have survived to this day, as they will survive a Philippine divorce law. We are a secular state, where no religious group has the right to define law or policy for the entire population. The law should only give people a choice, to be exercised according to their own personal beliefs. We can clearly see that our Catholic orientation has been a dominant factor. Divorce is something that we should adopt. Remember that Spain is the root of Christianity yet divorce had been implemented. They are now benefiting from it. A lot of people fear that divorce might erode the values and teachings of the Catholic Church. The cases of Italy and Spain (two Catholic countries which practice divorce) are clear evidences of its invalidity. In accordance with House Bill No. 1799 filed by the Gabriela Women’s Party last July 27, 2010, Italy had only 7% while Spain registers 15% of divorce rate. In addition to that, over 90% of the poll respondents are in favor of divorce. In an official poll that ran from December 19 to January 3, 92.44 percent or 40,414 voted â€Å"Yes† to the question, â€Å"Are you in favor of divorce in the Philippines?† This shows that the public, regardless of their marital status, is now more open to accept the possibility of divorce. Everyone should have the right to escape from a bad marriage and be happy again. Falling into wrong decision actually happens. If we legalize divorce in our country, people with fail marriage will be given a chance and freedom to choose the right one for them so they will not have to suffer from a marriage that is not working anymore. Moreover, there’s no assurance that people who get divorced want to find a new spouse. Everyday, there are Filipinos who get married, bear children, separate and get into other relationships, regardless of what the law says. The lack of a divorce law for Filipinos complicates further the marital and family problems of many Filipinos. Our Government has clearly failed to respond to their needs. If the country wants to move forward, it has to confront the realities of marital and family life of Filipinos in the Philippines. Let’s give other people another chance to live life with their desired happiness. The divorce law needs to be legalized in the Philippines now. The researchers also put forward the claim that the process of Annulment is allowed in the Philippines but why not divorce? After all, Annulment and divorce are just the same – it targets separation. However, Annulment only allows a legal separation through a legal settlement. This will not allow any of the parties to remarry. Because of the Family Code, some Filipinos think that we do not need a divorce for it already provides to cease a marriage through â€Å"annulment†. This argument misleads. The remedy of annulment is based on specified grounds that occurred at the time of the celebration of the marriage, such as lack of parental consent and vitiated consent. The remedy of annulment expires, and the defect may actually be cured by ratification through free and voluntary cohabitation (Positively Filipino, 2013). When lay people speak of â€Å"annulment† as a means of terminating a marriage, they actually refer to the remedy under Article 36 of the Family Code. Article 36 declares that a marriage is void from the beginning when one or both spouses are psychologically incapacitated to perform the essential marital obligations. Under Article 36, a court does not terminate a marriage but only declares it void. One must prove psychological incapacity by presenting evidence on three essential elements of the condition: that it already existed before the marriage; that it is grave or serious; and that it is incurable. To do this, one usually needs the help of a psychiatrist or psychologist to testify as an expert witness (Positively Filipino, 2013). Article 36 of the Family Code only nullifies a marriage when one has proved that he or she is psychologically incapacitated (Bulatlat, 2011). Therefore, annulment has no defined grounds and terms for terminating a marriage. Here is why the writers assert that divorce should be implemented in the Philippines. In support to this, Senator Pia Cayetano once stated in her privilege speech, â€Å"I’ll tell you why. I’ve talked to lawyers, psychologists and psychiatrists and it’s so traumatic to go through annulment because under our Philippine laws, you have to blame someone, you have to say you’re incapacitated, you’re saying that this marriage never existed, which is not true,† A divorce law will provide a remedy that Article 36 does not. Divorce does not concern itself with validity or invalidity of a marriage. It terminates a marriage based on a ground that occurred during the marriage, which makes the marital relationship no longer tenable, regardless of the spouse’s psychological constitution. A divorce law will provide a straightforward remedy to a marital failure. It will benefit Filipinos wherever they are. Conforming to an article (Bulatlat, 2011), an annulment case takes two years or longer to arrive at a conclusion. It could reach P250, 000 which includes attorney fees, court docketing fee and filing fees, etc. In 2010, a little over 7000 couples were granted annulment; most of these are well-to-do, because it takes a lot of money to have an annulment (WordPress, 2011). A blogger whose marriage is annulled claims that she disbursed P100, 000 for the judge, solicitor general and initial investigator, as well as everybody involved in the case since her annulment case is not moving after one year. After shelling out P100, 000, the case was concluded within a month. The total cost of the process was P175, 000 (Bulatlat, 2011). Thus, if the law is passed, divorce will be cheaper than annulment. Given the fact that most of the people in our country are financially challenged to stop unhealthy married life, divorce is the way to get peace out of a futile marriage. Divorce is the answer for both men and women who feel used, battered or tortured mentally in their marriage. Today, divorce is one way to le ssen violence. Annulment is just a legal separation and does not allow women to have a right to be happily remarried. This completely rejects the idea of new life– divorce does. The last and final argument that the researchers want to specify is the increasing rate of battered wife in the Philippines. The most common violence against women in the Philippines is the intimate partner violence – but married women in the Philippines have no way out. The abuse can be verbal, physical or psychological. According to the Annual Comparative Statistics on Violence against Women (2004 – 2011), wife battery ranked highest at 49% of all forms of violence and abuse against women. This is one of the reasons why divorce should be legalized in the Philippines. Women, nowadays, lack confidence because they know that there are no laws to support them. Couples remain living together due to the lack of a law that would allow them to legally and properly part ways, and seek the peace and happiness that they couldn’t find in their present partner. It would be best for a couple to part ways rather than to live together under one roof and sin through their violence that will affect and traumatize the innocent children. In millions of households, both men and women who are trapped in marital commitment constantly quarrel, often in front of their helpless children who grow up in a confused and violent environment. Often, men turn to other women and bear illegitimate children, and then abandon their legal wives and children because of laxity of laws that should have held them accountable. As stated in an article entitled â€Å"Philippines needs divorce law.† by Val G. Abelgas, â€Å"It is not a coincidence that those pushing for the divorce bill in Congress are women. It is also not a coincidence that all over the world, a big percentage of those filing for divorce are women. It is not difficult to understand that in most failed marriages, it is the women who suffer more – victims of domestic abuse and violence, and neglected or abandoned by philandering or alcoholic husbands.† Many of these women suffer in silence in the Philippines. And yet, they are confined to their hopeless situation because of the lack of a divorce law. It is obvious that most of people who are in favor in legalization of divorce in Philippines are women. We cannot deny the fact that they are the usual victims of abusive marriages. Divorce might be the solution to these problems. It could provide protection to the battered women and their children. It could save a wife from being beaten daily by a drunken husband. Divorce wouldn’t necessarily destroy the foundation of the family. It gives hope to the couples to rebuild their lives and have a normal relationship. It’s a reality that many are suffering from abusive marriages. Why let someone be stuck in a marriage where love and respect don’t exist anymore? Why deny them the chance to regain their liberty and happiness? Not legalizing divorce is a total injustice to these people. IV. Counter Argument The opponents, particularly the Catholic Church, claim that â€Å"What God has put together, let no man put asunder† or â€Å"Marriage is sacred, what was bound by God can’t be dissolved by man†. They believe that God did not make man and woman to be united and then separated if they got into some problems. For this reason, Catholic Church argues that divorce is contrary to the law of God, â€Å"Divorce breaks the contract to which the spouses freely consented to live with each other till death†. Therefore, people who opposed the divorce bill think it was only men who want it, not God. Furthermore, â€Å"moralists† feel that the divorce bill will just result to the breakdown of families. They concede that strong family foundation is the backbone of a stable society. Divorce threatens this foundation that can lead to the erosion of the society. It weakens the bond between the couple that tends to lessen the chance of facing the hardships and difficulties of a married couple. This instability of the families may yieldto the rearrangements and readjustments of the familial relationships that may bring psychological problems to the children. Children will become maladjusted and potentially harmful or destructive adults. Hence, they suppose that divorce will make the value and institution of marriage meaningless. Moreover, critics said that divorce is unconstitutional. They contended that it is stated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution that â€Å"Marriage is an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the family and shall be protected by the State†. Divorce will be a threat against the family which the constitution pledged to protect as an inviolable institution. Therefore, to be able to allow divorce, the constitution would need t o be amended first. V. Conclusion We, the researchers, therefore conclude that divorce should be legalized in the Philippines because couples should have the option to choose for remedies that will help them in obtaining their self actualization. The remedy is divorce. They should have the right to escape from marriages that they entered before and let them live a new and happy life. Given the aforementioned evidences, the researchers strongly claim that legalizing divorce would be a big help for Filipinos. The lawmakers should prioritize the divorce bill because the existing laws are not enough to address their needs. What we need is a divorce law that defines clearly and unequivocally the grounds and terms for terminating a marriage. Life is too short to be married to someone you don’t want to be married to. Divorce is a choice and we all should have the freedom to make choices. Simplify the divorce process and let the couples continue on with their lives in to find the partner they will be happy with to live their lives. Furthermore, in cases where a union is more harmful than beneficial, a divorce can be a benevolent and less hurtful way of severing ties with your partner. When the marriage is no longer viable, divorce should be an option. . References Abelgas, V.G. (2012, May 29). Philippines needs divorce law. Global Balita. Retrieved from http://globalbalita.com/2012/05/29/philippines-needs-divorce-law/ Umil, A.M.D.(2011, June 14). Divorce bill, providing a remedy for women in abusive marriages. Retrieved from http://bulatlat.com/main/2011/06/14/divorce-bill-providing-a-remedy-for-women-in-abusive-marriages/ Ursua, E.G. (2013, February 1). Why the Philippines needs a divorce law? Positively Filipino Magazine. Retrieved from http://positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/ 2013/2/why-the-philippines-needs-a-divorce-law Statistics on violence against Filipino women. Philippine Commission on Women. (2012, October 2). Retrieved from http://pcw.gov.ph/statistics/201210/statistics-violence-against-filipino-women Over 90% of poll respondents favor divorce in PH. Inquirer News. (2013, January 3). Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/334579/over-90-of-poll-respondents-favor-divorce-in-ph

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However, the recent economic down-turn, to include the fall of the dot-coms and telecommunications companies, the numerous high-profile scandals that have racked prominent companies and the global growth that continues in all business has led to financial expertise being a top priority for a new CEO. The CFO can bring many skill sets to the CEO position to mitigate the complexity and public, and government, oversight prevalent in today’s business environment. By definition, CFOs are more focused on the finances than a CEO normally is. However a financial background can greatly help a CEO to understand the status of the company, and can lead to enhanced success, while at the same time staying out of the scandals. The responsibility for regulatory compliance is the domain of the CFO. They are trained in the details required to keep the company within the legal bounds. As stated by Deborah Thomas, head of treasury at Michael Page International:†The CFO has had to pick up responsibility for responding to regulatory changes. And with regulation, compliance and corporate risk at the forefront of everyone’s minds, the CFO makes the perfect choice for CEO†By the time a person is promoted to CFO, they possess an innate understanding of the regulations, legal requirements, and a comprehensive knowledge of the financial status of the company. These are all skills that a CEO needs to possess to be successful. As a CEO, the CFO may be capable of managing the regulatory complexities, while still finding opportunities for growth. Today’s CFO is better-rounded than those in the past. Partly due to the recent scandals, the CFO works closely with the CEO in developing and executing strategy. It is often the CFO who is now the face of the company, managing the daily relationships with the shareholders. Today’s CFO is invested in the daily operations of the company, and will now come to the CEO seat with a full understanding of operations and strategy. With business becoming increasingly complex, due to increased public oversight, regulation, and global growth; it is imperative that a CEO have a strong financial background. Having the financial background can lead a company to increased success. Rather than trusting those intangibles, the CFO may make decisions based more higher probabilities of success. He may avoid the big risks, and subsequent big payoffs, but will often show a steady growth and return. In fact, according to a study by Duke University, companies that are run by optimistic, dynamic CEOs often run a higher level of short-term debt and attempt to time the debt market, a sign of taking risks. Whereas companies run by former CFOs tend to have higher debt to equity ratios, an indication of stability. It is this ability to negotiate the risks that places the CFO as a highly  desirable CEO candidate. The CFO is able to assess the risks and their impact on financial performance. The CFO seems to perform well overall as a CEO. So well that the trend is growing, according to CFO Magazine in 2005, 20 percent of Fortune 100 CEOs were once CFOs, up from 12 percent in 1995. The key to success for the CFO seeking to become a CEO is to round out their experiences. They will possess they technical expertise to perform the job, they just need to be able to supplement that skill with the management and visionary skills requisite for a good CEO. References 1. Durfee, Don. SAY YES TO DR NO: New research suggests that CFOs are an essential counterweight to optimistic CEOs. CFO Asia, 7 Sep 2006http://www.cfoasia.com/archives/200609-07.htm2. Favaro, Paul. Making the Leap from CFO to CEO. Financial Executives Online. November 2001http://www.favaro.net/publications/cfo-to-ceo/CFOtoCEO.htm3. Durfee, Don. The Top Spot: Why more companies are tapping their finance chiefs for CEO. CFO Magazine. 1 October 2005http://www.cfo.com/article.cfm/44444684. Corporate Finance. CFO to CEO1 April 2005http://www.cristassociates.com/press/CorpFin_CFOtoCEO_040105.pdf

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API 14C - Research Paper Example Since the process in the petroleum industry involves various tasks, the need for safety systems becomes all the more important. Hence a proper practice is required to provide the basic safety systems. Offshore production is a herculean task and the components used in this process must be guaranteed as safe. This is done to make sure that the offshore production is carried on without any problems. This report aims at providing various methods that determines the safety requirements that are essential to protect the offshore production components. These process components must be protected in order to form a complete system. The safety system is developed individually for each component and this ensures that each and every component in the production environment is safe. Once the modules are developed for all the components of the system, they are integrated to form a complete safety system. This system contains modules that operate on individual components in a hassle free manner. (Wallace, 1995).The development of safety system does not end with the process of creating components. Instead the process consists of creating documents, verification of components and maintenance of the developed modules. To accomplish this task, a similar method is executed in all the offshore production platforms. A sample system is defined to test the proposed system. This ensures that the developed system is free from errors. This paper concentrates on developing a recommendation that provides a safe environment in the offshore production. The paper provides guidelines as to how a safety system must be developed, tested, analyzed and maintained. Safety systems are used in most of the industries to ensure that the developed systems and products are in a safe environment. (Lyons, 2005).These safety systems are often developed by a third party vendor who prepares and implements it in the industries. This does

Security and Integrity of health care information systems Term Paper

Security and Integrity of health care information systems - Term Paper Example Unfortunately, maintaining security and integrity of the information systems and applications is still a challenge to many hospitals and associated organizations that handle patients’ records, even after changeover to electronic storage and operations. In the healthcare industry, different stakeholders such hospitals, governments, insurance companies, pharmaceutical agencies, and the patients have various privileges to the electronic records where necessary, in order to accomplish their duties. Access to the HIS, information exchange, and disclosure of confidential data becomes prone to attack from multiple threats. This paper discusses change in the field of nursing, the use, security, and integrity of health information systems, potential threats to the HIS and EPR as identified in various researches, and their effects. It also discusses some measures to insecurity and poor integrity of health information systems. Keywords: Nursing Informatics, Healthcare Information System, Change Theory, Electronic Patient Record, Medical Identity Theft, Threats, Vulnerabilities, HIPAA, HITECH, Information Exchange, Frauds, Security, Integrity, Privacy, Confidentiality, Authorization, Authentication, Technical And Administrative Safeguards, Information Flow, Audit Logs, Healthcare Organizations, Medical Records, Business Associates, Patients, Stakeholders 1. Introduction With the changes taking place around the globe and especially changes in technology â€Å"informatics is no longer an option for nurses and other health care providers. It is a requirement† (Ball, DuLong &Hannah, 2011, p. 5). The use of computerized information systems in healthcare has undoubtedly increased the efficiency of medical record keeping, but contributed to the risk of security exposure. Sensitive personal and medical information on patients that requires privacy, risks being compromised incase of security breaches on the healthcare information systems. Protecting the healthcare inf ormation systems and data is therefore an important factor in improving healthcare quality. The increasing need for information sharing between the healthcare stakeholders (patients, providers, and payers) and the modern digital trend in record keeping create a need for better security of information. Whenever insecurity of IS exists, unauthorized access, dissemination of information, and operations on data and systems can occur, whose effect could not only affect the patients, but the healthcare providers and physicians decisions. Medical identity theft is one of the major frauds in cases of IS insecurity. Although the EHR pose various benefits to the patients, such that they can routinely review their health records electronically, it’s a fact that numerous people can view the EHR simultaneously. The systems is built on a number of compatible information technology tools, whose corruption or hacking is a lead to healthcare IS breaches. Patients’ information can be st olen for personal gains, or falsified for wrong diagnosis among other effects. Security, privacy, confidentiality, data availability, and integrity are the ethical priorities in EHR. Medical identity theft and other breaches can be detected and prevented under various procedures to secure healthcare information and IS against fraud. Several laws have been enacted and continue to be implemented ways to enforce security in healthcare IS and their content. The HITECH Act and HIPAA security rules are various government legislations that assist in

Disaster Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster Management - Essay Example He/ she is also responsible for organizing and integrating a team that aims at rescuing and preventing further damage and deaths of people and domestic animals by the calamity. The chain of command is as follows. At the top most is the disaster commander who is in charge and responsible for the whole situation. Immediately under the disaster commander are the public information officer and liaison officers. The public information officer should understand principles of risks in communication. He/she is responsible for giving accurate public health information to the public and collaborating agencies. His/her role is to ensure that the message is consistent. The liaison officer, on the other hand, serves as a point of contact for supporting agencies and answering their questions and providing briefings whenever necessary. The officer also prevents the agencies from being bombarded with questions and requests. The next level includes the operations chief officer whose main work is to d evelop and implement strategies and tactics with the aim of carrying out incident objectives. He is responsible for organizing tactic resources and ensuring that there is good communication with the people delivering the resources. The planning chief officer also falls in this level and he/she is responsible for gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information. The personnel are responsible for compiling an incident action plan and focusing on what might come next within the incident. The personnel should possess qualities of good written and communication skills. Within the same level, the logistics chief officer is responsible for acquiring space and supplying equipment necessary for the incident. He/she should be fast, accurate, and precise. Finally, within the same level, a chief finance officer is responsible for ensuring proper contractual and financial processes are in place. He/she also ensures that the resources ordered are available and expanded if necessary. The financ ial officer should be familiar with financial systems and able to keep accurate financial data. The spilled carbon monoxide, oil, and many more hazards present within the residential houses are some of the environmental issues the public nurse has to deal with but are beyond her field of operation. Incidences of power loss and damage of houses are also beyond her area of operation, hence the need to work with different agencies in order to facilitate quick and prompt rescue mission. The health nurse relocates victims from their houses to safer shades in case of flooding. Under circumstances when clean water is not available, the public health nurse advices on drinking of boiled water and bottled water. In case of oil spillage and paints in a residential house, the health nurse contacts an environmental specialist to advice on how to clean up household hazards. The public health officer also helps victims through decision-making by being caring, understanding, and listening to their fears. He/she also helps the victims reduce anxiety and pressure. Under situations where the victim does not speak or understand English, the public health nurse uses gestures to communicate. This helps the nurse to go through the victim’

Analyzing the Gender Roles Presented in TV Serials Essay

Analyzing the Gender Roles Presented in TV Serials - Essay Example This paper will juxtapose three very popular TV analyzing the gender roles presented in them. â€Å"Everybody love Raymond is another very popular TV show which has been very well liked and followed.† (Everybody loves lazy stereotyping of male roles)The concept of Gender roles must be noticed in this serial, Debra the wife of Raymond is always in the kitchen making food either for her husband or for her family, this goes to show that women are always in the kitchen spending their time cooking for their families. Marxist feminism also comes into play here, Karl Marx argues that women must be paid for domestic labor, this is what Marxist feminism is all about. Another very important thing which must be noticed in this show is that Debra is the one who always packs the lunch of her children; Raymond never bothers to do this. It goes to show how irresponsible at times men are towards their families. â€Å"The gender roles presented in these serials are presented very rightly afte r doing comprehensive research.† (Gender and Media Representation) Gilman called herself a humanist, she was deadly against exploitation of women, our society is still following the patriarchal ways and exploiting the women. She was not very comfortable accepting the theory of evolution laid down by Charles Darwin, the theory of evolution portrays man in the driving seat and gives less importance to women. Both the sexes are equally important and no favoritism of any sort can be done. She argued that women had to rely excessively on their sexual assets, they had to please their husband to ensure their survival, this is very true and beyond the pale. Grounded for life is another very popular TV show which is well liked by the audience. In one episode the husband decides to buy a car without even bothering to ask his wife, marriage is an institution and it is the right of the wife to be well informed about all the decisions made by her husband. This again reflects the reality; t here are countless husbands who do not bother asking their better halves before making an important decision. Dad goes to work and Mom takes care of the household chores, it is unacceptable if a man packs lunch for his children, it is unacceptable if a man does the dishes. It is incorrect if a man asks his wife before making a big decision, buying a car is quite a big decision and a wife must know of this big decision before hand. Perkins Gilman was a very famous American sociologist who wanted to bring about change in the society, it is our duty to share the workload with women, and it is not a man’s world anymore. Women must be given respect and their workload must be shared. It is very important to understand the responsibilities of living in a family, gender stenotypes must be abolished and we must awake to a new and a better world. Conclusion To conclude it is very fair to say that women must be respected and we must shed our stereotypical thinking for the best. This is the need of the hour and we must put an end to this forever. Once this ends we would stop seeing stereotypes in TV shows and even the TV shows would become much better than ever, it will benefit each and every one of us. The three shows that

Tuberculosis Undergraduate Essay Example for Free

Tuberculosis Undergraduate Essay Abstract Tuberculosis is a good example of the importance of the ecological balance between host and parasite in infectious disease. Hosts are not usually aware of pathogens that invade the body and are defeated. If defenses fail, however, hosts become very much aware of the resulting disease. Several factors may affect host resistance levels—the presence of other illness and physiological and environmental factors such as malnutrition, overcrowding, and stress. Tuberculosis is most commonly acquired by inhaling the tubercle bacillus. Only very fine particles containing one to three bacilli reach the lungs, where they are usually phagocytized by a macrophage in the alveoli. The macrophages of a healthy individual usually destroy the bacilli. I. Introduction Tuberculosis is or TB is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs. The most common form is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slender, rod-like bacterium commonly called the tubercle bacillus. The tubercle bacillus is very hardy, surviving when many other bacteria cannot. In addition to affecting the lungs, tuberculosis can affect almost all other organs of the body. Tuberculosis, which in the past called phthisis and consumption, has afflicted man for thousands of years. Evidence of the disease has been found in Egyptian mummies. Tuberculosis was once a leading cause of death in all age groups, but its severity has decreased with improved medical care and better living standards. Most persons have a natural resistance to the tubercle bacillus. Even though large numbers of persons, especially in cities, become infected by the bacillus early in life, only a small percentage actually develops the disease (Orrett Shurland, 2001). This paper intent to: (1) know the occurrence of tuberculosis and how it is being spread; (2) be aware of its symptoms and detection and; (3) figure out its treatment and control. II. Background Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slender rod and an obligate aerobe. The rods grow slowly (20-hour generation time), sometimes form filaments and tend to grow in clumps. On the surface liquid media, their growth appears moldlike, which suggested the genus name Mycobacterium, from the Greek mykes, meaning fungus. These bacteria are relatively resistant to normal staining procedures. When stained by the ZiehlNeelson or Kinyoun technique that stains the cell with carbolfuchsin dye, they cannot be decolorized with a mixture of acid and alcohol and are therefore classified as acid-fast. This characteristic reflects the unusual composition of the cell wall, which contains large amounts of lipid materials (American Thoracic Society, 2000). These lipids might also be responsible for the resistance of mycobacteria to environmental stresses, such as drying. In fact, these bacteria can survive for weeks in dried sputum and are very resistant to chemical antimicrobials used as antiseptics and disinfectants. Tuberculosis is a good example of the importance of the ecological balance between host and parasite in infectious disease. Hosts are not usually aware of pathogens that invade the body and are defeated. If defenses fail, however, hosts become very much aware of the resulting disease. Several factors may affect host resistance levels—the presence of other illness and physiological and environmental factors such as malnutrition, overcrowding, and stress (Weiss, 2000). Tuberculosis is most commonly acquired by inhaling the tubercle bacilli reach the lungs, where they are usually phagocytized by a macrophage in the alveoli. The macrophages of a healthy individual usually destroy the bacilli. If they do not, the macrophages actually protect the microbe from the chemical and immunological defenses of the body, and many of the bacilli survive and multiply within the macrophage (American Thoracic Society, 2000). These macrophages eventually lyse, releasing an increased number of pathogens. The tubercle bacilli released from dying macrophages form a lesion. A hypersensitivity reaction against these organisms causes formation of a tubercle, which effectively walls off the pathogen. These small lumps are characteristics of tuberculosis and give the disease its name. Tubercles are composed of packed masses of tissue cells and the disintegration products of bacilli and leukytes; they usually have a necrotic center. Few bacteria are present in the tubercle (Diehl, 2003). The tubercle bacillus does not produce any injurious toxins. Tissue damage is mostly from the hypersensitivity reaction. As the reaction continues, the tubercle undergoes necrosis and eventually forms a caseous lesion that has a cheeselike consistency. If the caseous lesions heal, they become are called Ghon complexes. If the disease is not arrested at this point, the caseous lesions progress to liquefaction. An air-filled tuberculous cavity is formed from the caseous lesion. Conditions within the cavity favor the proliferation of the tubercle bacillus, which then grows for the first time extracellularly. Bacilli soon reach very large members, and eventually the lesion ruptures, releasing the microorganisms into the blood and lymphatic system (American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000). This condition of rapidly spreading infection that overwhelms the body’s remaining defenses is called miliary tuberculosis (the name is derived from the numerous millet seed-sized tubercles formed in the infected tissues). This condition leads to a progressive disease characterized by loss of weight, coughing (often with a show of blood), and general loss of vigor. (At one time, tuberculosis was commonly was known as consumption.) Even when patients are considered cured, tubercle bacilli often remain in the lung, and the disease may be reactivated. Reactivation may be precipitated by old age, poor nutrition, or immunosuppression. III. Discussion A. Occurrence and Spread When a person with tuberculosis coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets containing thousands of tubercle bacilli are sprayed into the air. The disease is spread when non-infected persons inhale the bacilli thus released into the air. A person can also contract tuberculosis by drinking unpasteurized milk from cows having the disease. This form of tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis. Resistance to tuberculosis depends largely upon the general health of the individual. Persons who are undernourished or weakened by disease are more likely to develop tuberculosis. Outbreaks tend to occur in areas with crowded living conditions, such as nursing homes and prisons (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). About 90 percent of tuberculosis infections occur first in the lungs. Tuberculosis of the lungs is called pulmonary tuberculosis. When tubercle bacilli are inhaled into the lungs, they are either destroyed by white blood cells or surrounded by special cells and fibers in the infected area of the lung, forming tiny nodules called tubercles. If the immune system is effective, the bacteria are kept from multiplying and an active case of tuberculosis does not develop. In some cases, however, the bacteria enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system and are carried to other parts of the body. The bacteria usually lodge in the brain, kidneys, bones, or heart (Murray, 2000). B. Symptoms and Detection Early pulmonary tuberculosis commonly gives no specific warning. Later, fatigue, weight loss, or a low fever may be the only symptoms. In advanced stages, severe coughing, hoarseness, chest pain and the appearance of blood in the sputum (a mixture of saliva and discharges from the respiratory passages) can occur. If the patient is untreated and his resistance is low, large areas of lung tissue can be destroyed and there is considerable weight loss. The best way of detecting infection by tubercle bacilli is by means of a tuberculin test. In a tuberculin test, tuberculin—a liquid containing substance obtained from tubercle bacilli—is injected between the layers of the skin. After 48 to 72 hours, the point of injection is examined for redness and swelling (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). A tuberculin test will reveal whether a person has been infected by tubercle bacilli, but it will not indicate whether he has an active case of the disease. Diagnosis of active tuberculosis can usually be made by a chest X ray and other tests. Diseased areas of the lungs usually cast a characteristic shadow on the X-ray film. Another method of diagnosis involves a microscopic examination of the patient’s sputum for the presence of tubercle bacilli (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). C. Treatment and Control Prior to 1945, practically the only methods for treating tuberculosis were prolonged bed rest and (in advanced cases) immobilization of the infected lung by collapsing it. Since the time, drugs have been produced that can stop the tubercle bacilli from multiplying, thus allowing the natural defenses of the body to be effective. The most important of these drugs are streptomycin (INH). In addition, improved surgical techniques permit the safe removal of areas of the lung where infection persists despite treatment with drugs (American Thoracic Society, 2000). Most important in tuberculosis control is early detection, so that persons with the disease can be treated and isolated from others. A vaccine known as BCG can create immunity to tuberculosis. However, in the United States this vaccine is recommended only in special circumstances. One reason is that vaccinated persons react positively to a tuberculin test and therefore cannot be differential from infected persons. D. Planning and Goals The major goals for the patient include maintenance of a patient airway, increased knowledge about the disease and treatment regimen and adherence to the medication regimen, increased activity tolerance, and absence of complications. E. Nursing Interventions a.) Promoting Airway Clearance Copious secretions obstruct the airways in many patients with TB and interfere with adequate gas exchange. Increasing fluid intake promotes systematic hydration and serves as an effective expectorant. The nurse instructs the patient about correct positioning to facilitate airway drainage (Diehl, 2003). b.) Advocating Adherence to Treatment Regimen The multiple- medication regimen that a patient must follow can be quite complex. Understanding the medications, schedule, and side effects is important. The patient must understand that TB is a communicable disease and that taking medications is the most effective means of preventing transmission. The major reason treatment fails is that patients do not take their medications regularly and for the prescribed duration. The nurse carefully instructs the patient about important hygiene measures, including mouth care, covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, proper disposal of tissues, and hand hygiene (Diehl, 2003). c.) Promoting Activity and Adequate Nutrition Patients with TB are often deliberated from a prolonged chronic illness and impaired nutritional status. The nurse plans a progressive activity schedule that focuses on increasing activity tolerance and muscle strength. Anorexia, weight loss, and malnutrition are common in patients with TB. The patient’s willingness to eat may be altered by fatigue from excessive coughing, sputum production, chest pain, generalized debilitated state, or cost, if the person has few resources. A nutritional plan that allows for small, frequent meals may be required. Liquid nutritional supplements may assist in meeting basic caloric requirements (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). F. Monitoring and Managing Potential Complications a.) Malnutrition This may be a consequence of the patient’s lifestyle, lack of knowledge about adequate nutrition and its role in health maintenance, lack of resources, fatigue, or lack of appetite because of coughing and mucus production. To counter the effects of these factors, the nurse collaborates with dietitian, physician, social worker, family, and patient to identify strategies to ensure an adequate nutritional intake and availability of nutritious food. Identifying facilities that provide meals in the patient’s neighborhood may increase the likelihood that the patient with limited resources and energy will have access to a more nutritious intake (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). High-calorie nutritional supplements may be suggested as a strategy for increasing dietary intake using food products normally found in the home. Purchasing food supplements may be beyond the patient’s budget, but a dietitian can help develop recipes to increase calorie intake despite minimal resources. IV. Conclusion In conclusion, persons infected with tuberculosis develop cell-mediated immunity against the bacterium. This form of immune response, rather than humoral immunity, is because the pathogen is located mostly within macrophages. This immunity, involving sensitized T cells, is the basis for the tuberculin skin test. In this test, a purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tuberculosis bacterium, derived by precipitation from broth cultures, is injected continuously. If the injected person has been infected with tuberculosis in the past, sensitized T cells react with these proteins and a delayed hypersensitivity reactions appears in about 48 hours. This reaction appears as an induration (hardening) and reddening of the area around the injection site. Probably the most accurate tuberculin test is the Mantoux test, in which dilutions of 0.1 ml of antigen are injected and the reacting area of the skin is measured. A number of similar tests are also in common use. A positive tuberculin test in the very young is a probable indication of an active case of tuberculosis. In older persons, it might indicate only hypersensitivity resulting from a previous infection or vaccination, not a current active case. Nonetheless, it is an indication that further examination is needed, such as a chest X-ray for the detection of lung lesions and attempts to isolate the bacterium. References: 1. American Thoracic Society (2000). Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 161 (4), 1376-1395. 2. American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000). Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent infection. American Journal of respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 161 (4), S221-S247. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003). Essential components of a tuberculosis prevention and control program: recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. MMWR Modibity and Mortality Weekly Report, 44 (RR-11), 1-16. 4. Diehl, H. S. (2003). The Health of College Students. American Council on Education. Washington, DC. 5. Murray, J. F. (2000). Intensive Care: A Doctors Journal. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA. 6. Orrett, Fitzroy A. Shurland, Simone M. (2001).Knowledge and Awareness of Tuberculosis among Pre-University Students in Trinidad Journal of Community Health, Vol. 26. 7. Weiss, R. â€Å"TB troubles.† Science News 133:92-93, 2000. Discusses reasons for the recent increase in tuberculosis in the United States.

Cultural attitudes-Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Cultural attitudes-Mice and Men Essay The following essay looks at the cultural attitudes and values expressed by the members of the ranch and society in Of mice and Men by John Steinbeck, and how important it is to the main themes of the novella. The book was first published in nineteen thirty seven and is set during the great depression. Steinbeck based the story as his own experience as a bindle stiff. When looking at the relationship between men and women in the story, women are ignored. Curleys wife is generally ignored, throughout the story. Curley and his wife spend most of the time looking for each other as several points in the novel, Curleys wife asks Have you seen Curley? and vice versa for Curley. We are also able to see that the relationship between Curley and his wife isnt a particularly a romantic and loving one as in many parts of the story we are able to see friction between the two; a prime example of this being when Curleys wife angrily and furiously replies to a order from Curley by saying You dont own me!. Conveying to us how women were looked down upon during the time of the novella. Throughout the story, as a in a male perspective Curleys wife would seem flirtatious among the men and seeming sexual and persuading the men into having a relationship with her. However, in the view of a female reader she would be simply trying to make friends and more as an attempt to socialize rather than an attempt to flirt as Curleys wife is lonely. As Curleys wife herself states how lonely she feels on page 122 while in dialog with Lennie moments prior to her death : I get lonely. I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. Howd you like not to talk to anybody? We are thus able to understand how men would treat their wives, with no respect or dignity. The irony of the marriage of Curley and his wife is that they go looking for each other almost all the time and there is so many disputes in their relationship.Moreover,it also shows how lonely she is and also gives us an idea how women were generally treated during that period of time and also how ignored and isolated they were from society. On page 124 Curleys wife explains how she almost realized her dream of being a Hollywood actress.She said she met a guy, an was in the pitchersSays I was a natural. Soons he got back to Hollywood he was gonna write to me about it. Throughout the story Curleys wife wears a cotton red dress and wears make up due to her aspirations of being a Hollywood actress.In reality Curleys wife cant achieve that much desired goal and most likely is never going to get there. Most importantly, Curleys Wife is unable to meet her targets and achieve her ambitions simply because she is married to Curley. All she can do is just fantasize. The fact that she has to only just stay at home, cook, clean and go to bed with Curley is prevents her from reaching her potentially achievable dreams. This telling us that there was a lot of sexism involved in this period of time against women. Men could go out earn and do really whatever they like while women/wives had to stay at home and provide the men/husbands with their needs. Mens attitudes towards women were selfish. Curleys wife in the whole novella has to proper name in which she is referred to. She is just referred to in the book and other characters as Curleys wife and not a name; she has no identity in the novella. Women have no identity during this period of time, the fact the Curleys wife has no name to be referred to really displays the ignorance and unawareness towards Women. When examining possession and money in the novella, it is clear the Boss of the ranch who holds the glory of wealth. The fact that he owns the ranch and has earned the wealth and business position he is in right now is due to his own hard work.The irony with his son Curley, is that on the hierarchy of power he would be placed second highest behind his father; he has not earned or not done anything in order to earn the power,money or respect. He is just inheriting it, he is the only person in the novella to achieve success in this effortless manner. Attitudes towards money were that if you had inherited wealth, that you would still have it regardless whether you deserved it or not. In the novella there is hardly any respect towards the elderly. Candy who is the oldest worker on the ranch and has lost one hand has only his dog as his companion, his dog is a parellel to him., they were both regarded as useless and redundant on the busy ranch. Carlson shows the disregard for him when he intends to kill Candys dog. Candy pleads with him and says Ive had him since he was a pup. Throughout the argument between Candy and Carlson regarding Candys dog,Candy constantly expresses how much he wants the dog and how badly he wants to keep him by mentioning No,I couldnt do that. I had im too long. Candy has no real power in this situation due to his power on the ranch,his injured arm and old age.The fact the Carlson had in a matter of moments without even consideration taken away Candys only love and is only hope in his life shows the utter disregard and carelessness towards the elderly. Racism is seen in the novella as well. Crooks, who is the only African American is discriminated in many ways. He is referred to by his disability with the name: Crooks, due to his crooked back. Another term he is referred to is nigger due to his ethnicity, nigger which using the term nowadays could be a punishable offence. Crooks is separated from the rest of the ranch, he is made by the others to live in his own room.As a result this causes him to feel lonely as he mentions that A gut neades somebody to be near him and A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. The irony with Crooks that although he is discriminated, he is the only work member on the ranch to have his own privacy. Furthermore, despite his discrimination,

Impact of Quantitative Easing on Investment Markets

Impact of Quantitative Easing on Investment Markets A simple definition of Quantitative Easing (QE) is central bank issues money to other banks, the discharge by central bank of adequate funds to encourage activity in a banking system that has become slothful and produce an upgrading in the economy. This sometimes means printing money in order to provide banks more capital (Financial times dictionary, 2009). The first remarkable handling of QE was by the bank of Japan in the early 2000s and similar plans were used again in 2008 by the Federal Reserve to deal with the United States. QE is using to increase the money supply significantly only seen when interest rates have been already reduced to zero and when the government is still trying to stop credit crunch condition. Lower interest rates encourage people to spend, not to save but when interest rates can go no lower, a central bank only choice is to pump money into the economy directly. Printing money can be defined as the central bank financing of government debts this is caused in both 1920s Germany and Zimbabwe and the British government insist it is not doing, even though the short term achieve is similar. But the banks believe this form of QE is altered because its a high risk strategy like old fashioned money printing, pumping too much money into the economy and causing high price rises, as seen in 1920s Weimar Germany and modern day Zimbabwe. For example if QE works, credit growth will pack up and business will find it easier to get credit that, in turn should help to motivate the economy (BBC news channel, QE, 2009). Abstract My whole research report will explain QE and its impact investors worry about the economy. In literature i have chosen three author who spoke about the investors and they are thinking about to invest in safe place like profitable markets and fearing about the deflation and inflation. In my methodology I have chosen to find out the reasons how to approach these thinks and what type of methodology need to put in practice I took face to face interview, population survey and focus groups to find out the answered. I used some systematic data like data gathering, data analysis and resource what i used in my research report. Title Impact of Quantitative Easing on investment markets Research Question How the Quantitative Easing is affecting investors, but getting the response for research question, needs to raise the other question such as how the investors worry about the deflation and inflation. Literature Review Many authors commented on QE effecting investors in different way but these three authors says about impact of QE on investment. Denise Law, 2009 said investors are pour money into gold markets, Paul Amery, 2009 told that same thing investors are trying to invest money into gold and silver markets and Jams Pexton, 2009 said that investors are looking for the safe way to invest before they invest the money into market they will look at the deflation and inflation. These three authors said same thing about investor QE and its impact on UK economy. Denise Law, 2009 state that investors are looking for a safe place are turning to gold because of UK economy. But professional says there are no signs the strong feeling will end soon, investors are notice that get higher in gold prices as reflection of external factors such as inflationary worries rather than of supply and require essentials. The bell run gold prices follow a survey that was released earlier, which exposed that investors are showing more interest to put money into gold markets. The survey shows a general gift towards more stability particularly amid fears that the Bank of Englands QE programme will shows active inflation. However investors consider that the gold prices will persist to rise, continued by increasing investors enthusiasm for an asset class that is often shows its ability to perform well in times economic uncertainty in the UK. Suki Cooper an economist at Barclays said in many respects gold has proved its value with in UK portfolio at the end of last ye ar when prices were falling across asset classes but gold prices did not fall and it allowed some investors to take profit and meet margin calls Paul Amery, 2009 said that the suggestion of QE for corporate debt are a less clear, while central bank afraid in the countries would like to move forwards the credit spread between corporate and government bond yield lower, the scope for straight interference in the corporate bond markets is more limited. While Bank of England has particularly authorised such a move under its QE agenda the effect remain to be seen. One instant outcome of QE broadcast has been to push the currencies of all the countries implicated sharply lower. But some commentators have said that QE can allow competitive economy devaluation against your neighbours something incidentally, that there are certain to be discussions on this subject at G20 event beginning in London, though whether these will lead to any statements on economy policy remain to be seen. In any case investors with foreign currency publicity in a country committing to QE may wish to avoid losses. The clearest follow-on effect of Quantitative easing policies is likely to be seen in the government debt and currency markets. Government may well manage to dowel or restrict bond yields for a continued period. At the same time they are increasing the risk of currency depression, and they are possible to increase currency instability. Gold and silver investment stipulates is likely to stay strong while such policies continue. And the result on equities is uncertain, as its unsure whether QE policies will renew the expansion on which divide prices depend. James Pexton, 2009 said investors are getting worry about the economy deflation and inflation. It is too early to say whether the serious move towards QE will be successful, but its immediate contact appears to be inadequate. We imagine deflationary concerns to persist to overlook in 2009, but consider that accelerating inflation is likely to be a effective warning from 2010on wards. Deflation means value of economy fall down, deflation is a rare happening and once well-established, it becomes very complicated to get growth in an economic recovery. Therefore Central Banks are fearful of deflation, we guess Central Banks to fault on the side of doing too much and to carry on to enlarge programmes that speed up growth of the money deliver. Inflation means economy having certain value at present Inflation is a feasible option when the public debt stock is denominated in the nations own currency and mainly supposed in nature. Speedy inflation erodes the genuine value of any nominal liabi lities and redistributes from the creditors to the borrowers, with the state frequently being one of the main beneficiaries. Whether an inflationary outcome is the outcome of a policy mistake or an intentional policy, we strongly believe it is worth thinking not only about the investment implications of near term deflation but also the risk significantly. Methodology The life of this planned study is investigative, rather than helpful, as not much literature has been shown on the subject of Quantitative Easing is affecting investors. This type of research will implement a stranded theory move towards developed by. According to them, stranded theory is the finding of theory from data and that is analytically obtained from research. The theory developed is imitative from data and then illustrated by the quality (Springer Netherlands, 1998) A permutation of data collection method of face to face interview, population and focus groups will be used in the planned research. The face to face interview is a unstructured interview and comfortable type of interview meant to investigate in a general topic to be discussed and with face to face interview have benefit of being able to observe and record verbal and non verbal behaviour, however this interview can be conducted by phone or online and online interview offer the chance to conduct more interview within the same time. These approach also save the travel expenses and time. This interview will be conducted without any list of questions, even though clear supreme areas to search require to be recognized prior to the interview. In such data collection method, interviewee is given the chance to talk liberally about QE and its impact on UK economy (Cooper and Schindler, 2007, pg-204 to 207) Population is the total collection of elements about which we wish to make some suggestion. A population is part of sampling the basic idea of sampling is that by selecting some of the elements in a population, we may draw the conclusion about the entire population. Most of the investors are choose samplings because it shows the cost, availability of population, accuracy of result and speed of data collection. For example the economic advantage of taking a sample rather than a sample is massive. Consider the cost of taking a poll. In 2000 due to a supreme court ruling requiring a poll even though statistical sampling techniques, the UK bureau of the poll increased its 2000 decennial poll budget estimate by  £1,723 billion, to  £4,512 billion. In any wonder that investors in all types of firms askà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?why should we spend thousands of pounds interviewing all 4,000 employee in our company (Cooper and Schindler, 2007, pg-402 to 405) Focus groups became widely used in research during the 1980s and are used for increasingly various research applications today. A focus group is group of people, led by an educated diplomat, who meet 90 minutes to 2 hours. The facilitator or moderator uses group dynamics ethics to focus or guide in a swap of ideas, feeling and experiences on a exact topic (Cooper and Schindler, 2007, pg-146) Data collection Methods The research says the beginning of face to face interview with Ian Hally Director of the British insurance group Aviva Plc told in interview many investors are willing to invest in Asian property markets because next two years and is looking to improve the regions share of its asset to 25% over the next 5 to 10 years. Aviva investors sees a healing in Asian property markets on real estate investment a lot of the markets across Asia investment chances are going to be attractive in 2010 and 2011. In interview with Ian hally was good because I havent prepared any questions but I have clear idea of areas to be enclosed in the discussion. The interview estimated to half an hour to 45 minutes but he has give enough time to discuss and he spoke to me with friendly nature however the conversation was good and got clear idea of investors behaviour (Eriko Amaha, 2009) The survey conducted by the Nick Clark, 2009 Managing Director of the property investor show. Many of the investors are looking for safe place to invest before like real estate, gold and groceries but according to new survey the investor confidence in the UK and overseas property market has risen considerably in the last three months. Because the increase in confidence and changed desire in UK and overseas property has been signalled by reports that UK property prices have stabilized and the first signs of enduring job rises being reported. There has also been a strong move in the market with confidence UK investors commencement to re-explore overseas opportunities as they survey for investments with better returns than the other poor performing investment vehicles such as bank savings and the stock market, because the UK economy is slowly coming out from deflation this survey would easily say the population of investors and we can collect the each investor personal ideas and his opi nions and this survey will recorded. Focus groups are well known because they are experts in research to test reactions. A focus group sometimes called a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"focus group interview is a group interview that focuses clearly upon a particular issue or topic and encompasses the need for interactive discussion amongst participants. They share the ideas, suggestions and tips for the particular topic these discussions conducted several times with similar participant to enable trends and patterns to be identified when the data collected and analysed (Lewis, P. Etal, 2009, pg-243 to 247) Data analysis This research proposes to use a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data analysis come within reach of data obtained through face to face interview, population and focus group will be analysed using the set of procedures from standard strategies approach of coding (Cooper and Schindler, 2006). These strategies approach is a systematic, advantage of the approach is that data analysis can be conducted in a less formalised and proceduralised manner while maintaining a systematic loom to reach certain strategy. Quantitative data refer to all such data and can be product of all research strategies, it can be shows from simple counts such as the frequency of occurrences to more complex data. Qualitative data refers all numeric data and data that have not been quantified and can be a product of all research strategies, it can variety from a short list of responses to open ended questions in an online questionnaire to more compound data (Lewis, P. Etal, 2009, pg- 414 and 480). Resource requirement The review of the literature will be got maximum from the journals and articles from the college library facilities like Emerald. The initiation of other work will get from usage of books and internet facilities from the college library books. Bibliography Cooper. DR, Schidnler.PM, 2006, Business Research Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition Lewis. P, Saunders. M, Thornhill. A, 2009, Research methods for business students, Pearson Education Limited, pg-243 to 247

Morality and The Holy Bible :: Holy Bible Essays

Morality and the Bible    Both the legal and salvation philosophies of the Old and New Testaments reflect those of the cultures around them, due to much copying and borrowing of laws and ideas. Furthermore, all societies around the world have similar moral and legal codes -- which is certainly not an accident.    Interestingly enough, the moral codes of the world's religions bear a striking resemblance to each other, with only minor variations. Religions as different as Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism all have proscriptions against killing, lying, cheating, stealing, etc. This is not an accident, for reasons we shall explore below.    Christians may then object that that there is something unique about the Bible that makes it a superior moral code. Unfortunately for Christians, there is actually very little law in the Bible -- either Old Testament or New -- that is original. Consider the Torah of the ancient Jews. The laws of the Babylonians, Assyrians, Sumerians, Hammurapi, Eshnunna, Hittites, Mishnah, and Israelites all bear a striking resemblance to each other, due to widespread copying of laws. Shared social norms produced identical laws against sorcery, kidnapping, sale of an abducted person, false witness, business dishonesty, bribing judges, property right violations, shutting off irrigation canals used by others, etc. The complete list of identical laws and customs is quite extensive.    Nor is the New Testament's approach to the law unique. Most Christians can probably think of nothing more unique than the Apostle Paul's approach to the law, but any student of ancient Greece knows otherwise. Many of the themes that fill Paul's writings were lifted from his Greco-Roman background. During New Testament times, the Greco-Roman world was filled with Mystery Cults, sporting such names as Eluesinian Mysteries, the Orphic Mysteries, the Attis-Adonis Mysteries, the Isis-Osiris Mysteries, Mithraism, and many others. A common feature of these secret cults was a belief in a heroic redeemer, a heavenly being who would visit earth in human form, battle evil, die a sacrificial death, rise from the dead and ascend to heaven, offering salvation from death to all who follow him.    Another influence on the New Testament was Greek philosophy. In particular, Greek dualism taught that the world was sharply divided into opposites: good and evil, body and soul, man and woman, hot and cold, life and death, etc. Now, the Greeks from Plato on had taught that the body is evil, but the soul is pure.

to thine own self be true: The Conflict between Son and Self in Hamlet :: Shakespeare, Hamlet

"to thine own self be true": The Conflict between Son and Self in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   A name is a very important aspect of a person. It helps to define who that person is and what is important to that person. In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the use of the same names for fathers and sons creates a dilemma that is not easily overcome. Laertes does not have the same name as his father, but he is controlled by his father all the same. Not only does this rule apply to characters in the play, but also to the play itself. Shakespeare's Hamlet was preceded by Thomas Kyd's play Ur-Hamlet and Shakespeare had to work hard to differentiate his play from the original. Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, shares his name with his father, Hamlet, the former King of Denmark. This sharing of names blurs the identity of the Prince with the King. Since the King precedes the Prince, he is able to develop his own distinct identity. He is "a goodly king" (1.2.186), a noble, brave, and self-assured man. Thus it falls on Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, to define himself beyond the confines of his father's name. Abraham Fraunce suggests the definition of someone consists of two parts, "the generall and the difference†¦ A man is a sensible creature endued with reason, where sensible creature is the generall, and endued with reason is the difference" (Qtd. in Calderwood 10). Hamlet is genetically related to his father as are all sons to their fathers. However, Hamlet is even more closely related due to their common name. Hamlet also inherits the act of filial obligation when the ghost returns and demands revenge for his murder. When he swears to avenge his father 's death, he is promising to "relinquish his personal identity and to unite with his father not merely in name but in actional fact" (Calderwood 10). Hamlet "adopts his father's cause- to make his father's enemy his own enemy, to assume his father's motives, goals, and pains- is to adopt his father's identity" (Calderwood 10). Prior to the ghost's appearance Hamlet is beginning to define himself as an individual person instead of as the son of his father. He has been away at school forging his own path in life. When his father's ghost demands him to exact revenge on Claudius, Hamlet struggles trying to decide if he will take the role of "son" and blend with his father or to become the "self" and breakaway from his father.

air pollution :: essays research papers

Air Pollution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Air pollution is a serious problem in many of the worlds large cities. Heavy concentrations of air pollutants, which are often in the form of smog, settle over a city, creating a health hazard for its people. Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air. People produce most of the wastes that cause air pollution. Such wastes are usually in the form of gases. These substances result chiefly from burning fuel to power motor vehicles and to heat buildings. Industrial processes and the burning of garbage also contribute to air pollution. Natural pollutants include dust, pollen, soil particles, (100 Words) and naturally occurring gases.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Encyclopedia)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The rapid growth of population and industry, and the increased use of automobiles and airplanes, have made air pollution a serious problem. The air we breathe has become so filled with pollutants that it can cause health problems. Polluted air also harms plants, animals, building materials, and fabrics. In addition, it causes damage by altering the earth’s atmosphere.† In and article published by THE NEWS in New Mexico they warned â€Å"If current environmental protection policies are no unforced, pollutants in city air will increase one million tons annually by year 2010.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Encyclopedia, The News)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Air pollution (100 Words) can have a huge effect on health. When people breathe polluted air, the impurities can irritate their air passages and their lungs. Particles often stay in the lungs and can worsen symptoms such as asthma and bronchitis. Radon can cause lung cancer in inhaled in large quantities. Certain chemical compounds can cause cancer and birth defects also.† â€Å"Air pollution has also been linked to heart attacks† claims an article in the Health Scout News. â€Å"The study adds to the evidence linking particles from automobile exhausts, power plants, and refineries to heart problems.† (Encyclopedia, Health Scout News)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The United States does (100 Words) try to control air pollution. All levels of government federal, state, and local have passed laws designed to control pollution. Congress passed the Air Quality Act in 1967. Under this act, the federal government sets goals called air quality standards for achieving cleaner air. The states must enforce air pollution controls to meet the goals. When states fail to enforce the regulations, the federal government can act against the polluters by imposing fines.

Macroeconomics: comments

One of the advantages of using monetary policy would be the fact that all of the policies under this regime are all highly impersonal since all of the decisions to make regarding the condition of the economy are all based on the empirical data and not on the value judgment of the government authorities. Moreover, monetary policy is more flexible than fiscal policy since the Federal Open Market Committee meets about every six weeks to make decisions regarding the condition of the economy and the immediate implementation of the said decisions (Faculty.etsu.edu, 2007). On the other hand, one of the possible draw back from using monetary policy would be the fact that monetary policy only offers short term economic activity and do not guarantee a sustainable activity in the long run. Moreover, monetary policy can easily be affected by external factors such as oil price hike and exchange rate which has a direct effect on the performance of any monetary policy the federal government currently have. As for the advantages of fiscal policy, this can increase the government revenue through the process of raising the tax rate and/or tariff on import goods. Moreover, fiscal policy can also attract productivity as the government provides incentives to those domestic and foreign investors just to keep the economy in balance. On the other hand, fiscal policy, is relatively less flexible a compared to the monetary policy since it takes a long time before the government officials make decisions regarding the economic conditions of the country. Oftentimes, they only meet once a year to settle all of the economic policies that the federal government will implement for the rest of the year. Moreover, fiscal policy intervenes into the private sector which sometimes causes economic losses on the part of the consumers and the producers, like tax. Fiscal policy is also highly subjective and usually based on the value judgment of the federal officials even if there are empirical facts at hand. Answer 1.2 One of the possible factors that trigger crowding out would be through expanding the government borrowing in order to finance an increase in expenditure. Cutting of tax can also lead to crowding out since private sector is being ‘crowd out’ from their investment through higher interest rate. In other words, when the government raises its borrowing in the money market, it causes an increase of the interest rate in the market which ‘crowds out’ private investors and individuals from the lending market. Answer 1.3 Automatic stabilizers like reduction on tax rate tend to mitigate output fluctuation without any explicit government action; therefore, there is no need for the government to make discretionary policies or make value judgment regarding a certain economic situation since automatic stabilizers already reduces the ‘economic problems’ that the government officials will have to solve. Answer 2.1 Whenever there is a high inflation rate existing in the economy, what then government usually does is to lower down its spending in order to put pressure for the aggregate demand of the economy to depreciate making way for the decrease in market prices. At the end of the day, inflation rate starts to slow down as the aggregate spending decreases due to the cutting of government spending. In other words, high inflation rate causes budget surplus since the government has to regulate its spending. On the other hand, whenever there is a low inflation rate in the economy, the tendency of the government is to intentionally acquire budget deficit since it has to increase its spending to create additional market for the business sector which eventually stabilize the market price condition. In short, if there is a low inflation rate, it is expected that the government will incur budget deficit due to the increase of its spending to stabilize the market price. Answer 2.2 I believe yes, size of assets must serves as basis in judging the budget deficit, in order to determine how the government spends with respect to the amount of assets that it presently holds. Having a large government asset can give way for a higher budget deficit since the government can use those assets as collaterals for those persons or financial institutions where the government will borrow money just to finance its activities. In short, having a large budget deficit is not a problem for as long as the government has large amount of assets on its hands. Answer 2.3 Pay-as-you-go is a system of paying a debt as they incurred, or it is a system of paying a good or service as it is used than as n outright purchase. One of the possible applications of this would be the pay-as-you-go tax wherein it is a system of paying a debt of businesses or individuals on an installment basis of their expected tax liability. Answer 3 Now I understand why the government sometimes acquires budget deficits and how inflation rate is related to the budget condition of our government. I find this issue interesting since although there is no direct relationship between inflation rate and government budget condition, still, after noting all of the economic factors in our country, it is clear that inflation affects the government budget condition indirectly and vice versa. Moreover, I learned that the federal government uses either monetary or fiscal policy depending on the type of economic condition is at hand based from the identified strengths and weaknesses of the two policy regime. It is surprising how these policies affects all the economic activities in the country although we cannot see it through our own eyes. It’s just like; these policies are acting invisible in our economy and solving economic turmoil of our country. At the end of the day, whichever policy regime will the government implement, what is important would be the end effect of all of the policies that the government will put into action to solve a given economic problem. References Faculty.etsu.edu. (2007). Fiscal versus Monetary Policy. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://faculty.etsu.edu/hipples/FPvsMP.htm

Dr Pepper Analysis

Individuals, companies, schools, restaurants Bargaining power: low, since Coke supplies a numerous variety of products buyers do to have a huge impact on pricing and quantity. Also, customers develop brand loyalty to Coke, thereby making it difficult for buyers to affect prices and quantities as well. Suppliers: fasted restaurants, vending machines, school campuses. Bargaining power: very high, since companies can easily provide Pepsi products which serve as excellent substitutes.Compliments: pizza, burgers, hot dogs, chips, etc SOOT Strengths Weaknesses Concentrated in North America (US, Canada, Mexico where almost 70% of revenues come from Health Craze will hurt soft drink sales Opportunities Acquisitions & alliances Bottled water growth Hispanic growth in the US and Pepsin's ability to meet their tastes with current product lines (I. E. , Substrata chips) Growth In emerging markets Growing consumer health consciousness will help Pepsi as It Is already a leader In non-carbonated dr inks with brands Storage, Aquifer, Lipton; and also with healthy food brands such as Quaker oats.Threats Declining economy/recession Sluggish growth of carbonated drinks Coca-Cola ; other smaller, more nimble operators Commodity price increases, fluctuating oil prices effect production and distribution gas, plastic) IV) SOOT annals;s of PEPSICO Soot consists of examining the current activities of the organization: its strengths and weaknesses, and then using this and external research data to set out the opportunities and threats that exist. A. Internal Strong market position PepsiCo NAS a tremendous presence on ten snack Ana sort rural market.Inane, TN company owns 25% of the non-alcoholic drinks market and 39% of the snack market. * Good economic situation In 2008, PepsiCo was ranked 26th on the top 100 of the global brands ranking in 2008. The same brand value company has raised PepsiCo as an example during the recession: â€Å"Amazon, Pepsi, Audio, Panasonic, and Campbell have all prospered during a challenging year for marketing executives. † PepsiCo most famous brands are all very famous and successful. Thanks to this notoriety, PepsiCo annual sales reach $35 billion. Rand's Popularity of Pepsi has a wide range of brands. These brands are more famous than the Coca Cola Company's ones. For example: people know what Lipton Teas, Tropical beverages or Traitors Tortilla Chips refer to, whereas: who has heard of Pike, Chino r Spur? On this point, PepsiCo is inexorably in a strong position. * Presence PepsiCo has spread its presence in over 200 countries. Products from this brand are sold all over the world. * Diversification PepsiCo brands include drinks and snacks such as ready-to-drink refreshments, bottled water, cereals, crisps or school-snacks.This wide range of product enables the brand to settle down in any place of the world. Lack of capital constraints (availability of large free cash flow) Strong market position Solid brand portfolio Strong r evenue growth Economies of scale Broader product line Popular brand of pop * Geographical concentration PepsiCo tends to focus its activity in North America (US, Canada, Mexico). Almost 70% of revenues come from this region. * Dependence on important clients A big part of PepsiCo sales (12%) are made to Wall-Mart, which creates a dependence supplier-client.Consequently, Wall-Mart's strategy influences PepsiCo actions, especially on lowering prices. * Bad remunerations PepsiCo employees are less paid than the competitors' ones. It may alter the employees' excellence or productivity: they might want to work for a company that revives higher salaries for the same Job. * High recall I en product recalls are Deterrent. I en problem nerve Is Tanat ten return causes are internal: the defects come from the production, they don't come from transports or storage.For example: the salmonella case forced PepsiCo to recall $200,000 worth of pistachios in the US in 2009. Product recalls decrease t he final customers' confidence in the brand. It inevitably alters the company's image. B. External Threats * New measures for health Many occidental governments are creating new regulations and campaigns in order to change people's eating behavior. Snacks and soft drinks are the first â€Å"victims† of this ideological renewal. Coca-Cola is the worst competitor for DRP Pepper because it is more powerful in terms of image and notoriety.In this sector, competition is so sharp that it has a direct influence on prices and sales. * Many successful brands DRP Pepper brands are successful, well-known and they have a good reputation. The products sold by the company are still very popular to the public. A good marketing activity maintains the company in a good situation and confers it a good image. * Quest of other markets If the fact to be concentrated on North America is a weakness, let's say that this is also an interesting challenge of market conquest, for example in Russia or As ia.PepsiCo is powerful; it has enough resources to develop all around the world. * Customer's well-being An important value, which growth is correlated to new regulations on health, is the customer's well-being. It has become the guideline of a marketing operation in the soft drinks market. This notion gives PepsiCo the opportunity to increase innovation for soft drinks. Indeed, the more original and creative you are, the more successful your product will be.