Environmental Factors On Fecal Contamination Of Drinking...

Fakhr, A.E. Gohar, M.K. and Atta, A.H. (2016). Impact of some ecological factors on fecal contamination of drinking water by Diarrheagenic antibiotic- resistant Escherichia coli in Zagazig city, Egypt, International Journal of Microbiology; 2016: 9 Goering, R.V. et al., (2013). Mim’s Medical Microbiology (5ed) Elsever.L.T. Madelen hyde. Green wood, D. Stack, R.C.B. and Peutherer, J.F. (2002). Medical Microbiology. (16ed). Churchill Livingstone. Edinburg. Gutierrez, J.J. Cassassuce, F. Martinez, Dela, G.L. De Aquino, L. J. A. Hernandez-Shilon, J. A. et al., (2014). Evalution of a point - of use water purification system (liaveoz) in a rural setting of Chiapas- Mexico. Journal of microbiology and experimentation; 1 (3). Hassanain, N.A.†¦show more content†¦and Mobley, H.L. (2004). Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Nature Review Microbiology. 2(2). P. 40 – 123. Mahan, C.R. Lehman, D.C. and Manuselis, G. (2014). Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 5ed. Elesevier. UK. Marler, B. (2011). E. Coli bacteria: What are they, where did they come from, and why are some so dangerous. Available from: www.marleblog.come.coli:information [Accessed: 5th Jun 2011]. Mims, C. et al., (2004). Medical, Microbiology. 3ed. Elesvier. U.K. Mody, R. O’Reilly, C. E. (2015). Infectious disease related to travel Escherichia coli. [Online]. Available from: http://www.nc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook. Nataro, J. B. and Kaper, J.B. (1998). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 11(1). P. 142 – 201. Nataro, J.P. steiner, T.S. and Guerrant, R.L. (1998). Entroaggreative Escherichia coli. Emerg. Infect. dis. 4. P. 251 – 261. Ngugen, V.T. Nhung, H.W. and Hoa, N.T. (2016). Colonization of Entroaggreative Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin – producing Escherichia coli in chicken and human in Southern Vietnam. [online]. Available from: O’ Sullivan, J. Bolton, D.J. Duffy, G. Baylis, C. Tozzoli, R. Wasterson, Y. Lofdahl, S. (2006). Methods for detection and Molecular characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli. ISBN. Stockholm. Ogata, K. Kato,R. Ito, K. and Yamada, S. (2001). Prevalence of Escherichia coli possessing the eae gene of Entropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) or the aggR gene of Entroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) in Traveler’sShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cryptosporidium Parvum: Transmission and Infection1576 Words   |  7 Pagesparasite causing a short-term enteric illness in individuals with functioning immune systems, and can cause a potentially fatal infection in immunosuppressed individuals. Because of C. parvum’s resistance to many of the procedures used to process drinking water and food, and the parasite’s extremely high fecundity, the potential for a large scale outbreak is very high. In fact, C. parvum was responsible for an outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 when an estimated 403,000 people became ill. 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Information System Free Essays

1. 4. 4 Information Systems for the Banking Financial Sector: Audit is one of the major controls for monitoring management activities in the banks and financial institutions. We will write a custom essay sample on Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a computerized environment, IS audit is a very effective and necessary activity. Usually the IT implementation in the banking and financial organizations is done by adopting a mix of different methodologies – internal development and deployment and third party product development and deployment. In case of internally developed and deployed IT systems, IS audit will require to be done by a team of specially trained internal or external auditors. However, it is preferable to have the IS audit conducted with the help of suitable external agencies with the required skills and expertise to ensure independent nature of audit. In case of development and deployment of the IT systems by third parties, the IS audit requires to be conducted by trusted auditor/s with skills and expertise, required for the purpose. IS audit assumes greater significance because a large number of critical and strategic financial operations in the banking and financial sector are wholly or partly being handled by the computerized systems. There is a significant need for determining the role of IS in banks. This would assure the top manage- ment that the IS development is in the right direction. This would also help in exploring the intended and the real role of IS in banks. The knowledge of the real role of IS in banks would help IS managers in managing information systems by judging the business needs of the IS projects, associated risks, importance and ranking of IS managers in organizational hierarchy, need for innovation and flexibility in IS planning approach, etc. The IS practitioners may use the variables used here for self-evaluation and for deciding about the IS development. It has been well recognized that IS plays different roles in different industries. However, there is limited research examining the differences in the role of IS within a single industry. This study empirically explores the differences in the role of IS among public, private, and foreign ban. ks. Results indicate that while, at present, only private and foreign banks have obtained strategic advantages using IT, public sector banks, although late, have also realized the importance of IT. It has been empirically proved that the future impact of IS does not vary significantly with the banking groups. This suggests that IS efforts put in by the public sector banks are in the right direction and can be expected to give them a strategic advantage in future. Foreign and private banks, though in the strategic group today, have to constantly harness IS for strategic advantage to maintain their position. Sustaining competitive advantage is very difficult, because IS managers have to continuously evaluate the bank’s applications portfolio with respect to technology and their competitors. Public sector banks have to search for ways to shift from support group to the strategic group in order to enjoy a strategic advantage from the use of IS. In order to achieve this objective, they may have to formulate a different IS strategy so as to make them competitive enough to survive. Future research could evolve suitable IS strategies for all the three sectors. This paper has tried to locate the banks on the Strategic Grid. However, the level of computerization of various branches of a bank may be different and hence their dependency on IT may be different. Future research may involve locating the various branches and departments of a bank on the Strategic Grid and suggesting a suitable strategy for the branch. This study has the limitation that data are collected only from key IT executives. Perceptions of the bank’s business executives may be different from that of the IT executives. Therefore, future research could also attempt obtaining and analysing the opinion of bank’s business executives and looking for perceptual differences, if any. Another interesting area of future research could be to unearth the reasons for adopting a particular role of IS and to explore facilitators and inhibitors in using IS for strategic use. Uses of information technology in banking Write your abstract here. Applications of Information Technology in Banks in India While computer by itself is the most cherished invention that man has ever accomplished, its union with communication technology which is at its pinnacle, has brought yet another amazing extension to its already fabulous capabilities. From the period of Marconi to this day , the improvements that have taken place in the television , have literally brought the entire world into an individual’s bedroom. Joining this powerful communication environment , the IT has opened flood gates for global economic activity. The contribution of economic and political changes that have so far taken place to encourage international trade will bear fruit only when banking and the associated services can catch up with the new trends. The modern IT has enough capabilities to enable banks, financial institutions and others to bring about the desired changes. Banking sector reforms introduced a decade ago in 1992-93 , have been based on five fundamentals: 1. Strengthening of prudential norms and market discipline. 2. Appropriate adoption of International benchmarks. 3. Management of organizational change and consolidation. 4. Technological upgradation. 5. Human resource development. The Financial Reforms that were initiated in the early 90s and the globalization and liberalization measures brought in a completely new operating environment to the Banks that were till then operating in a highly protected milieu. Services and products like â€Å"Anywhere Banking† â€Å"Tele-Banking† â€Å"Internet banking† â€Å"Web Banking† , e-banking, e-commerce, e-business etc. have become the buzzwords of the day and the Banks are trying to cope with the competition by offering innovative and attractively packaged technology-based services to their customers. Reserve Bank of India constituted a committee under the chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangarajan. The main task of the committee was preparation of a plan for computerization for the period 1990-1994 ( for 5 Years ). For the purpose of computerization , the committee selected the important areas relating to customer service , internal-decision-making process , productivity and profitability. The committee furnished its report on November 9, 1989 with the following recommendations- 1. The branches having daily average level of vouchers at more than 750 should be computerized . 2. Computerization on branch level should be achieved on any of the following basis- (i)Selected branches will have on-line terminals with micro and mini-computers which will be linked with central main-frame computer to provide counter service and other office-services. ii)Personal computers will be installed at counters which will be linked with local area network. (iii)For third option , the banks will have to depend on Telecom line. 3. The banks should gradually use developed devices such as- Photocopier , FAX , Duplicator , Microfilm , Signature Storage , Scanners etc. 4. Non-computerized branches can take the services of other local computerized branch / office in case of important task. 5. The customers should have the facility to route their business to any branch of the bank. 6. All-Bank Credit Card should be issued. . Computers should be made bilingual and proper training arrangements should be made to provide training to staff members. 8. The regular customers should be offered On-line facility. 9. Like some European countries , there should be a system of credit clearing. 10. BANKNET should be used for interbank and intra bank applications. 11. All Regional offices and Zonal offices to be computerized in a phased manner. Rangarajan Committee – 1989: A Statistical Analysis Rangarajan Committee ( 1989 ) has focused its stress on computerization of banks. A statistical analysis was also made in the report of committee. In this analysis ,it was mentioned that following jobs can be rapidly and easily performed at Regional Office/Zonal office level. 1. To ascertain the bad and doubtful debts and to make provision for them. 2. To claim the amount under Credit Guarantee Schemes of DICGC. 3. To communicate , analyze and forecast the data for trade-plan. 4. To make action plan for recovery of advances. 5. Personnel Information System. 6. Credit Information System. 7. Checking of figures of priority sector advances. . Consolidation of statements/figures to be sent to the RBI. Present level of Computerization: Based on the norms worked out by Rangarajan Committee (II), 7827 branches of the Public Sector banks were identified for full branch computerization up to March 2000 of which around 4620 were computerized as on March 99. Meanwhile, the networking of the already-computerized branches also assumed urgency and some of the Banks have started inter-connecting their computerized branches using leased telephone lines or Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATS). This is meant to provide a more comprehensive service to customers and at the same time give banks better centralized control over the branch operations. As of now, New Private Sector and Foreign Banks have an edge over Public Sector Banks as far as implementation of technological solutions is concerned. However, the latter are in the process of making huge investments in technology. Source:  http://www. shvoong. com/humanities/1748375-applications-information-technology-banks-india/#ixzz2ONAVoUdI How to cite Information System, Essay examples

A Democratic Society Essay Example For Students

A Democratic Society Essay Throughout time the debate upon which is the best system of governmenthas been an ongoing debate. Somewhere between the realms of democracy,socialism, fascism, communism, and monarchism lies the answer to the perfectsystem. Traditionally speaking, North America has always tried to remaindemocratic in ruling. The democratic system, unlike its alternatives,encourages equality and liberty among the people which in modern society, makesit the most attractive system of government today. Arguably, equality is the goal of many governments today. But what onemust realize is that equality cannot be reached without giving someone elseinequality. While democracy influences equality, communism and socialism frownupon the very idea that all people should be treated equal. The very ideathat all men are created equally is very misleading. All men are not createdequally. Human beings are unequal in essence because they are unequal in mostphysical and psychological characteristics along with health, intelligence, andemotional balance. For most of us, living amidst inequality is common. Equality is said to be having the same rights and freedoms as everyone else. Inmodern society this is very true to a certain extent. The only thing equalabout people is that we are all born and eventually we all die. In NorthAmerica, I believe that equality among people is nearly impossible. Theeducation is the main source of the problem. Education itself createdinequality between children at an early age. Since no two persons are createdequally, they will not have the same opportunities, nor will they make use ofopportunities offered to all people like the education system. One of the most important things to a person living in North America isliberty. LibertyLiberty can be defined as limited only be lawsestablished on behalf of the community . To a certain extent, this enablespeople to be in control of their own lives. The individual has the right tochoose how they conduct their lives. In the U.S. people rely on the Bill ofRights to protect themselves from government and other people. This bill ofrights includes freedom of speech, press, and assembly. Among these freedoms isalso the freedom of religion and freedom from unreasonable searches by the law. In Canada we have a similar system called the Bill of Rights and Freedoms thatis made up with similar beliefs of its counterpart. Liberty is possibly themost important attribute in American and Canadian society. What people want isthe ability to make their own decisions and go about life with the freedom to doso. In a democratic society, people are able to voice their opinions togovernment and ultimately play an important role in the make up and organizationof society. To a new nation, these attributes of our society are quiteattractive. Many new nations today are making the switch to democraticgovernment. The problem with this is that most of these nations have never beendemocratic before. Therefore, new nations are having great difficulty becausesuch a switch is not easily accomplished. To develop a democratic society ithas taken some more more than an entire century. These new nations tend to rushthe change and in the end they become frustrated because such a switch is not aseasily accomplished as thought. The features of a modern democratic state arefirstly a society dedicated to the preservation of rights and freedoms. Fromthat, a government system must adhere to developing a form of government whichencompasses the values of a working society. In other words, a government forthe people, run by the people, and a system into which they have invested. .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 , .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .postImageUrl , .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 , .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524:hover , .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524:visited , .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524:active { border:0!important; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524:active , .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524 .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u260db929061bf5114f632cf5844a4524:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Passion EssayAn excellent example of a nation that comprises the rights and freedomsof its people is Canada. As a nation we live by our rights and freedoms and usethem as a guide to act accordingly. We the people, as part of Canadian society,are able to participate in the workings of our country. This is represented inour political cycle. I call our political system the feedback cycle. In thiscycle, demands and supports are inputted into the administration, voted on, andeventually outputted into society and the cycle continues. Our political systemenables us to have our say through representation of an elected official ingovernment. Ultimately, the power is not solely in t he hands of government. When people are unsatisfied with government they take the necessary steps toreplace the person or people that are not doing their job properly. Affirmative action